Earth
Earth is our only home. A diameter of 12,756 km. It is the only the COMFIRMED place with life. Earth is the biggest terrestial planet. It is the 3rd planet from the Sun and it has a nickname called Blue planet or Terra. Our home formed 4,540,000,000 years ago (4.54 billion yrs. ago) from the Solar Nebula. The time it takes the Earth's Tilt Axis to rotate around the sun is a Sidereal Year (365.256 Solar Days) . The Earth's axis tilt of 23.4° from its perpendicular orbital plane producing seasonal variations on the planet's surface with a period of one Tropical Year (365.242 Solar Days) Or Earth's elliptical orbit which we can measure the # of closests approaches from the Sun which is the Anomalistic Year (365.260 Solar Days). Earth is a dense planet and it has a mass of 5.9736 septillion (10^24)(5,973,600,000,000,000,000,000,000) kilograms (kg). And a Volume of 1.08321 trillion (10^12)(1,083,321,000,000 kilometers (km). It has a circumference of 40,075.017 km for the equatorial and 40,007.86 km for the meridional.
Solar System
The Solar System consists of the Sun and the astronomical
objects gravitationally bound in orbit around it, all of which formed from the collapse of a giant molecular cloud approximately 4.6 billion years
ago. The vast majority of the system's mass (well over 99%) is in the Sun. Of
the many objects that orbit the Sun, most of the mass is contained within eight relatively
solitary planets whose orbits are almost
circular and lie within a nearly flat disc called the ecliptic
plane. The four smaller inner planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars, also called the terrestrial planets, are primarily composed of
rock and metal. The four outer planets, the gas giants, are substantially more massive than
the terrestrials. The two largest, Jupiter and Saturn, are composed mainly of hydrogen and
helium; the two outermost planets, Uranus and Neptune, are composed largely of ices, such as water, ammonia and methane, and are
often referred to separately as "ice giants".The Solar System is also home to a number of regions populate smaller objects. The asteroid belt, which lies between Mars and Jupiter, is similar to the terrestrial planets as it is composed mainly of rock and metal. BeyondNeptune's orbit lie the Kuiper belt and scattered disc; linked populations of trans-Neptunian objects composed mostly of ices such as water, ammonia and methane. Within
these populations, five individual objects, Ceres, Pluto, Haumea, Makemake and Eris, are recognized to be large enough to have
been rounded by their own gravity, and are thus termed dwarf planets In addition to thousands of small bodies[e] in those two regions, various
other small body populations, such as comets, centaurs and interplanetary dust, freely travel between
regions. Six of the planets and three of the dwarf planets are orbited by natural satellites, usually termed "moons" after
Earth's Moon.
Each of the outer planets is encircled by planetary rings of dust and other particles.
The solar wind, a flow of plasma from the Sun, creates a bubble in the interstellar medium known as the heliosphere, which extends out to the edge of the scattered disc. The hypothetical Oort cloud, which acts as the source for long-period comets, may also exist at a distance
roughly a thousand times further than the heliosphere. The heliopause is the point at which pressure from the solar wind is equal to the opposing pressure of interstellar wind. The Solar System is located within one of the outer arms of Milky Way galaxy, which contains about 200 billion
stars.
objects gravitationally bound in orbit around it, all of which formed from the collapse of a giant molecular cloud approximately 4.6 billion years
ago. The vast majority of the system's mass (well over 99%) is in the Sun. Of
the many objects that orbit the Sun, most of the mass is contained within eight relatively
solitary planets whose orbits are almost
circular and lie within a nearly flat disc called the ecliptic
plane. The four smaller inner planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars, also called the terrestrial planets, are primarily composed of
rock and metal. The four outer planets, the gas giants, are substantially more massive than
the terrestrials. The two largest, Jupiter and Saturn, are composed mainly of hydrogen and
helium; the two outermost planets, Uranus and Neptune, are composed largely of ices, such as water, ammonia and methane, and are
often referred to separately as "ice giants".The Solar System is also home to a number of regions populate smaller objects. The asteroid belt, which lies between Mars and Jupiter, is similar to the terrestrial planets as it is composed mainly of rock and metal. BeyondNeptune's orbit lie the Kuiper belt and scattered disc; linked populations of trans-Neptunian objects composed mostly of ices such as water, ammonia and methane. Within
these populations, five individual objects, Ceres, Pluto, Haumea, Makemake and Eris, are recognized to be large enough to have
been rounded by their own gravity, and are thus termed dwarf planets In addition to thousands of small bodies[e] in those two regions, various
other small body populations, such as comets, centaurs and interplanetary dust, freely travel between
regions. Six of the planets and three of the dwarf planets are orbited by natural satellites, usually termed "moons" after
Earth's Moon.
Each of the outer planets is encircled by planetary rings of dust and other particles.
The solar wind, a flow of plasma from the Sun, creates a bubble in the interstellar medium known as the heliosphere, which extends out to the edge of the scattered disc. The hypothetical Oort cloud, which acts as the source for long-period comets, may also exist at a distance
roughly a thousand times further than the heliosphere. The heliopause is the point at which pressure from the solar wind is equal to the opposing pressure of interstellar wind. The Solar System is located within one of the outer arms of Milky Way galaxy, which contains about 200 billion
stars.
Solar Interstellar Neighborhood
The Solar Interstellar Neighborhood (S.I.N.) is one of the nearest stars closest to us, such as Proxima Centauri, Alpha Centauri, Sirius, Denebola, GJ 436, Pollux, Aldebaran, Arcturus, etc. The Solar Interstellar Neighboorhood is the stars we can see at night. Sirius, The brightest star in the night sky, has an apparent magnitude of 1.44. 25 times brighter than our Sun. We can even see the star Zosma!
Milky Way Galaxy
The Milky Way is the galaxy that contains Earth. This name derives from its appearance as a dim "milky" glowing band arching across the night sky, in which the naked eye cannot distinguish individual stars. The term "Milky Way" is a translation of the Classical Latin via lactea, from the Hellenistic Greek γαλαξίας κύκλος (pr. galaktikos kyklos, "milky circle").The galaxy has this appearance because it is a disk-shaped structure that is being viewed from inside. Earth is located within the galactic plane of this disk, around two thirds of
the way out from the center, on the inner edge of a spiral-shaped concentration of gas and dust called the Orion–Cygnus Arm. The concept of this faint band
of light being made up of stars was proven in 1610 when Galileo Galilei used his telescope to resolve it into individual stars. In the 1920s observations by astronomer Edwin
Hubble showed that the Milky Way was just one of around 200 billion galaxies in the observable universe.
The Milky Way is a barred spiral galaxy 100,000–120,000 light-years in diameter containing 200–400 billion stars. The galaxy is estimated to contain at least as many planets, 10 billion of which could be located in the habitable zone of their parent star. Depending on its structure the entire galaxy has a rotational rate of once every 15 to 50 million years. The galaxy is also moving at a velocity of 552 to 630 km per second, depending on the relative frame of reference. It is estimated to be about 13.2 billion years old, nearly as old as the Universe. The Milky Way is part of the Local Group of galaxies.
the way out from the center, on the inner edge of a spiral-shaped concentration of gas and dust called the Orion–Cygnus Arm. The concept of this faint band
of light being made up of stars was proven in 1610 when Galileo Galilei used his telescope to resolve it into individual stars. In the 1920s observations by astronomer Edwin
Hubble showed that the Milky Way was just one of around 200 billion galaxies in the observable universe.
The Milky Way is a barred spiral galaxy 100,000–120,000 light-years in diameter containing 200–400 billion stars. The galaxy is estimated to contain at least as many planets, 10 billion of which could be located in the habitable zone of their parent star. Depending on its structure the entire galaxy has a rotational rate of once every 15 to 50 million years. The galaxy is also moving at a velocity of 552 to 630 km per second, depending on the relative frame of reference. It is estimated to be about 13.2 billion years old, nearly as old as the Universe. The Milky Way is part of the Local Group of galaxies.
Local Galactic Group
The Local Group is the group of galaxies that includes Earth's galaxy, the Milky Way. The group comprises more than 54 galaxies (including dwarf galaxies), with its gravitational center located somewhere between the Milky Way and the Andromeda Galaxy. The galaxies of the Local Group cover a 10 million light-year diameter (see 1 E+22 m for distance comparisons) and have a binary (dumbbell)shape. The group is estimated to have a total mass of (1.29 ± 0.14)×1012 Ms. The group itself is part of the Virgo Supercluster (i.e. the Local Supercluster).
The two most massive members of the group are the Milky Way and the Andromeda Galaxy. These two Spiral galaxies each have a system of satellite galaxies.
The two most massive members of the group are the Milky Way and the Andromeda Galaxy. These two Spiral galaxies each have a system of satellite galaxies.
Virgo Supercluster
The Virgo Supercluster (Virgo SC) or Local Supercluster (LSC or LS) is the irregular supercluster that contains the Virgo Cluster in addition to the Local Group, which in turn contains the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies. At least 100 galaxy groups and clusters are located within its diameter of 33 megaparsecs (110 million light-years). It is one of millions of superclusters in the observable Universe.
Local Superclusters
The Local Superclusters are all of the NEARBY superclusters. Such as the Hydra Cluster, MS 0302+17 cluster, Hydra Supercluster, etc. and so on. Sorry it contains few information.
Observable Universe
In Big Bangcosmology, the observable universe consists of the galaxies and other matter that humans can in principle observe from Earth in the present day, because light (or other signals) from those objects has had time to reach us since the beginning of the cosmological expansion. Assuming the universe is isotropic, the distance to the edge of the observable universe is roughly the same in every direction—that is, the observable universe is a spherical volume (a ball) centered on the observer, regardless of the shape of the universe as a whole. Every location in the universe has its own observable universe which may or may not overlap with the one centered on the Earth.
The word observable used in this sense does not depend on whether modern technology actually permits detection of radiation from an object in this region (or indeed on whether there is any radiation to
detect). It simply indicates that it is possible in principle for light or other signals from the object to reach an observer on Earth. In practice, we can see light only from as far back as the time of photon decoupling in the recombinationepoch, which is when particles were first able to emit photons that were not quickly re-absorbed by other particles, before which the Universe was filled with a plasma opaque to photons. The collection of
points in space at just the right distance so that photons emitted at the time
of photon decoupling would be reaching us today form the surface of last scattering, and the photons
emitted at the surface of last scattering are the ones we detect today as the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR).
However, it may be possible in the future to observe the still older neutrino background, or even more distant events via gravitational waves (which also move at the speed of light). Sometimes a distinction is made between the visible universe, which includes only signals emitted since recombination, and the
observable universe, which includes signals since the beginning of the cosmological expansion (the Big Bang in traditional cosmology, the end of the inflationary epoch in modern cosmology). The current comoving distance to the particles which emitted the CMBR, representing the radius of the visible universe, is calculated to be about 14.0 billion parsecs (about 45.7 billion light years), while the current comoving distance to the edge of the observable universe iscalculated to be 14.3 billion parsecs (about 46.6 billion light years), about 2% larger.
The age of the universe is about 13.75 billion years, but due to the expansion of space we are observing objects that
were originally much closer but are now considerably farther away (as defined in terms of cosmological proper distance, which is equal to the comoving distance at the present time) than a static 13.75 billion light-years distance. The diameter of the observable universe is estimated to be about 28 billion parsecs (93 billion light-years),putting the edge of the observable universe at about 46–47 billion light-years away.
The word observable used in this sense does not depend on whether modern technology actually permits detection of radiation from an object in this region (or indeed on whether there is any radiation to
detect). It simply indicates that it is possible in principle for light or other signals from the object to reach an observer on Earth. In practice, we can see light only from as far back as the time of photon decoupling in the recombinationepoch, which is when particles were first able to emit photons that were not quickly re-absorbed by other particles, before which the Universe was filled with a plasma opaque to photons. The collection of
points in space at just the right distance so that photons emitted at the time
of photon decoupling would be reaching us today form the surface of last scattering, and the photons
emitted at the surface of last scattering are the ones we detect today as the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR).
However, it may be possible in the future to observe the still older neutrino background, or even more distant events via gravitational waves (which also move at the speed of light). Sometimes a distinction is made between the visible universe, which includes only signals emitted since recombination, and the
observable universe, which includes signals since the beginning of the cosmological expansion (the Big Bang in traditional cosmology, the end of the inflationary epoch in modern cosmology). The current comoving distance to the particles which emitted the CMBR, representing the radius of the visible universe, is calculated to be about 14.0 billion parsecs (about 45.7 billion light years), while the current comoving distance to the edge of the observable universe iscalculated to be 14.3 billion parsecs (about 46.6 billion light years), about 2% larger.
The age of the universe is about 13.75 billion years, but due to the expansion of space we are observing objects that
were originally much closer but are now considerably farther away (as defined in terms of cosmological proper distance, which is equal to the comoving distance at the present time) than a static 13.75 billion light-years distance. The diameter of the observable universe is estimated to be about 28 billion parsecs (93 billion light-years),putting the edge of the observable universe at about 46–47 billion light-years away.